Pica is a child/teen eating disorder that is defined as an abnormal appetite or craving for substances that are not fit to eat, such as chalk or clay, common in malnutrition, pregnancy, etc. (definition from dictionary.com). This is not to say that Pica cannot affect adults. It can affect anyone at any time. It is unclear at this time whether this eating disorder can be prevented.
In order for these cravings to be considered Pica, the cravings must last for more than 30 days, the cravings must be inappropriate for the developmental age (little children often want to eat their play dough, a 14 year old does not).
Pica can be seen as harmless but it is anything but harmless. If you consider how many items have things that are toxic this can be a very serious problem. For example, if you have a child or teen who craves the taste of painted objects you may not know if the paint contains lead. This could result in lead poisoning and possible brain damage. Also, if a child craves dirt it may seem harmless. The problem is if the dirt is near or has ever been near a highway or where cars are driven it can contain some contaminates found in gasoline.
The cause of Pica has been blamed on many things. Most commonly it is thought to result from a mineral deficiency, low iron or a result of celiac disease. Recently Pica has been linked to OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder). It is extremely important to have this diagnosed and to have the cause found out as soon as possible. Eating disorder treatment is then recommended. This is not a disorder to be ignored for any period of time.
One study found that among mentally retarded children living in facilities, around 20% suffered from Pica. It is unknown to scientists and psychologists why there is this link between development and Pica.
Treatment of Pica will differ greatly among patients and their psychological as well as physical needs. As with other eating disorders is is crucial to get nutritional therapy where the child or teen is taught about proper nutrition but then guided and watched as they learn to take on a nutritionally sound diet. Psychological help will depend on what is going on with the child, only a therapist that specializes in eating disorders should generally try to help these patients.
